Stages of Policy Making: Immigration Policy

Stages of Policy Making in-migration PolicyFive Stages of Policy-Making ProcessAn on-going insurance policy issue that is at the forefront of diverse opinions in Congress is the immigration Policy issue. Immigration influx began during the Second World War, which led to the need of having policies to consecrate the influx. The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act set the guiding principles of immigration in the United States. The five stages of the Immigration Policy qualification argon explained below (Migration Information Source, 2013).Identify Policy intent tally to McCabe (2010), the major issue that has led to the need for immigration policies is the illegal immigration and large influx of immigrants from Mexico in search for better wages. Illegal immigrants destroy US using fraudulent documents, overstaying visa durations and illeg entirelyy crossing land borders. Illegal immigration continues to date due to the economic upward growth in the agricultural and constructio n sector that demands for semi-skilled labour.Secondly, the issue of terrorism is largely affected by immigration. The 9/11 attack led to the formation of the Department of homeland Security (DHS) in 2003. They have the mandate of overseeing entry of people and goods at entry points, enforcing the customs and immigration requirements in the USA. Additionally, the DHS adjudicates the immigration benefits applications the likes of visa, asylum and naturalisation (Migration Information Source, 2013).America is also the leading countries of refugees, providing the protection for political and religious victims. They provide refugee resettlement and asylum which has been a conflicting issue in the Immigration Bill (McCabe, 2010).Policy FormationRussell (2012) indicates that the some convenient way of immigrating is employment-based and family-based channels. Family-based immigration has no numerical restrictions, but in that location must be sponsoring of a congener for approval. Em ployment-based immigrations atomic number 18 aimed to uphold the nations economic demands. It is limited to 140,000 visas annually. Employment-based green cards are available for workers, primarily sponsored by their employers.Secondly, many immigrants are legalised by dint of the method of the diversity visa lottery. The numbers of people who are naturalized are restricted by per country limits and numerical ceilings. According to the Immigration Bill, refugees are granted all humanitarian help in a foreign country and are resettled in the US. The Congress and the president set the refugee accession ceiling yearly.Noncitizens residing in the US for studies, work or tourism, are eligible for the non-immigrant status. This status has restrictive terms and conditions related to duration of stay. The majority of non-immigrants are tourists and students. The ontogenesis in student visas has been led by a rise in students from China (Russell, 2012).Adopting The Best SolutionNotably, the Obama administration enacted the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program in 2012 (Russell, 2012). The program protected young illegal immigrants from being deported and forced to work. However, this program applied solitary(prenominal) to those who came to USA as children, received education, and pose no holy terror to security. Policies such(prenominal) as the Children Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and No Child Left Behind Act were enacted to safeguard the interests of the immigrants and their smo another(prenominal) integration (Russell, 2012).The Congress is inveterate in ensuring the rights of immigrants are upheld beca intention of the immense effect the immigrants have on elections. The Latino voting population was 12 million, which consisted of ten Percent of the total voting population. The Democrats and Republicans are pushing for immigration reforms so as to win the allegiance of minority groups (Migration Information Source, 2013).ImplementingImmigr ation, integration is one aspect of immigration policies that is highly underfunded and only head small groups. Hospitals, churches, schools and other groups have taken center stage to initiate the integration of immigrants through English classes, health clinics and training of the immigrants.The government is ensuring illegal immigration reduces through enforcing stricter measures in visa screening, border patrol, employment enforcement. Also, there are removal and deportation of criminals who have violated immigration regulations. Additionally, these measures are focused mainly on the US-Mexican Border. The government has invested billions in infrastructure, technology and personnel for the Border Patrol (Russell, 2012).Evaluating Policy DirectivesThe refugee admission number is flexible and is subject to review annually by the president and the Congress. The Federal government is sensitive to changing political and religious situations in other countries and seek to enhance dem ocracy to all people. Programs such as the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program are an indication of the measures taken by the Federal government in evaluating the rights and restrictions of immigrants (Migration Information Source, 2013).ReferencesInfoplease (2005). Marbury v. Madison example. Retrieved from http//www.infoplease.com/us/supreme-court/cases/ar20.html.Migration Information Source. (2013) Immigration in the United States New Economic, Social, Political Landscapes with Legislative Reform on the Horizon. Retrieved from http//www.migrationpolicy.org/article/immigration-united-states-new-economic-social-political-landscapes-legislative-reformBurt, L. Batalova, J. ( 2014).Refugees and Asylees in the United States.Retrieved from http//www.migrationpolicy.org/article/refugees-and-asylees-united-statesThis Day in History. (2009). Marbury V. Madison Establishes discriminative Review. Retrieved from http//www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marbury-v-madison- establishes- judicial-reviewBanning of the Festival of Basant The DebateBanning of the Festival of Basant The DebateDepriving us from celebrating Basant is tantamount to depriving us of our fundamental rights, Punjab Governor Salmaan Taseer said. The festival of Basant was banned in Pakistan in 2005. Apart from the fact that the ban itself was not fully justified, it not only meant the loss of revenue from the tourism sector but also of discarding of our centuries old tradition. civilization is what defines us in this age and Basant is part of our culture hence banning Basant just because the State is incapable of controlling its adverse effects is unjustifiable.Most importantly, the botheration of ban itself is not fully justified as the decision to ban Basant was not neutral and was influenced to serve the purpose of our politicians. The current ban on Basant, the serviceman famous kite-flying festival of Lahore, appears to be more an expiration of political tussle between deu ce political forces of the country than anything else (Qadeer 7). The ban on Basant is not an outcome of pure decision making based on its pros and cons instead the decision is politically influenced.Basant marks the stretch of spring and is a symbol of joy and happiness. It is an intrinsical part of our culture, heritage and lifestyle and nobody has the right to rob us from it. Basant is deeply rooted in peoples psyche and lifestyle. Majority of the public is not only against the ban on Basant but is offended by this government decision. Mian Ejaz, acting district coordination officer during the DCOs absence said, Basant should not be banned because it attracts people from all over the world and is a cultural event. He lamented about grave chores caused by Basant but also said that the public was unwilling to support such a ban (Ali 7). Basant has been in our tradition from a long time and has become a custom and very important part of our lives.But there are some people, partic ularly those with strong religious assocaition, who raise the point that Basant being a Hindu festival should be banned. Actually this is not the case these are just illogical accusations made by these people to show their importance in the community. The Hindu festival which these people refer to is Vasant Panchami which is also called Basant. According to the article Tracing the Origin of Basant, written by Dr. Shaukat Mahmood, Vasant Panchami is a Hindu festival which is about celebrating the glory of Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, music and art. In India particularly in Indian Bengal, during this festival children are taught to write their first words Brahmins are fed ancestors worship is performed the god of love Kamadeva is worshipped. The festival Hindus celebrate is limited to worshipping, wearing comparable color clothes and relatives gathering at one place. There is no sign of kite flying in their festival which clearly shows that our tradition is unalike from thei rs.Basant is one of the biggest festivals in the country and is also recognized world wide. It is a sport which mainly exists in Pakistan but is well known to the rest of the world. It is a colorful festival consisting not only of kite flying but also of music, dancing and dinners. People gather together to enjoy and celebrate the arrival of spring. Yasir Qadeer states that, It attracts tourists, not just locally but from all over the world (7).Because of the uniqueness of Basant, people from around the world visits Pakistan to participate in the most expect event. According to Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab, the Basant Kite Festival held in Lahore has become such a major tourist attraction that people sess from countries worldwide to participate in this unique occasion. The increase in tourism due to Basant in turn boosts the economy of Pakistan and improves the standard of living.Another reason wherefore Basant should not be banned is the amount of revenue generated f rom it is enormous. There are several ways in which revenue is generated during the Basant. Thousands of people travel and visits Pakistan to join in the festival. The revenue generated from the rental of accommodation facilities significantly increases during Basant festival because of the increased tourists. Revenue generation during Basant is not only limited to kite flying activities . During the festival a lot of events take place such as musical events and also the food streets are jammed packed with people. The intense economic activity that went with Basant (trade, travel, hotel, tourism, shopping, etc.) was woful the $ 250 million mark not bad, for a week-long celebration. To top it off various other quality festivals started around the Basant bonanza (notably the music conference and the international shimmer and puppet festival) (Mirza 3).However, there is some opposition and criticism about the Basant being not profitable, rather importing in losses due to damages do ne to the electric automobile wires and poles. According to Ali Pervaiz, a newspaper reporter, Basant also faced opposition from Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and itsdistribution companiesmainly the Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) and GujranwalaElectric Power Company(GEPCO) as kite flying also resulted in frequent power tripping besides damaging the sensitive installations of WAPDA and its companies. The main cause of this power failure is the use of metallic or chemical-coated string. These strings, when come in contact with electric wire, cause the wire to tear which result in power tripping. But this is a problem which can be easily resolved. By introducing and properly implementing a law which imposes a ban on the use of such types of strings can result in overcoming the power failure issue and countering the claims made by these companies.Kite flying business is a very large one. The exertion related to it is huge with a very large market. About a week or two before the Basant, shopkeepers start to make preparations for selling kites and squirm. Huge numbers of shops are set up and people invest millions of rupees in the trade. Many people are employed in the factories in which kites and twine are manufactured. String and kite makers are working overtime on roadsides and in small factories in places like Shahdara, Murdike, Baghbanpura, Ichhra and Shadbagh. Kite making has become a sort of cottage industry involving even women and children the year round (Hanif 6). So banning Basant, would lead to loss of employment for thousand of workers hence worsening their financial condition. For example, during the Basant the owners of the previously abandoned and deserted houses in Gowalmandis food street become rich overnight as many multi-national companies hustle to rent their rooftops for the occasion. The ban on Basant would affect them along with other in the kite flying business very roughly.The main incidents that lead to the ban on Basant were the use of the metallic and chemical-coated twine. Basant was officially banned in 2005 when a great deal of people in various cities including Rawalpindi lost their lives due to metallic or chemical-coated string that cuts instantly through the flesh like a sharp-edged weapon. Main issue regarding the ban was the damages that these razor-sharp strings caused. Many people lost their lives and many were severely injured when they came in contact with this twine while walking on roads or travelling on motorcycles. But banning is not the solution. Government should restrict the use of these types of strings. Also during these two days of kite flying, government should set a curfew on the people walking and driving motorcycles because most of the accidents happen to them. The government should alternatively provide salve public bus transport during these days to accommodate those who want to travel.In conclusion, Basant should not be banned as it creates revenue for a co untry and is most importantly a part of our culture. To ban Basant is just like erasing an integral part of our culture which is unacceptable. Yes, there have been many unfortunate incidents in the late past but banning Basant because of them is not the solution. For example, no government has banned flying of aircraft because some planes have crashed in the history. They rather focused on making flying a safer experience.Likewise, the government should focus on making this festival safer by reducing losses incurred to life and property to the minimum. Designated grounds should be fain for flying kites and citizens who wish to participate in the activity should be facilitated to do so in safety in these designated areas. Banning a festival which was like the smile of a child in spirit is too harsh a stepakin to rendering the city soulless (Qadeer 7).Work CitedQadeer, Yasir. Holi In Sky.Nation5 Mar. 2010. Print.Ali, Aayan. Ban on Basant Should There Be One or Not.Daily times11 Dec . 2004. Print.Mahmood, Shaukat. Tracing the Origin of Basant.The Nation Sunday Plus6 Mar. 2010. Print.Mirza, Nasir Abbas. Reasons behind the Basant Ban.Daily times31 Mar. 2010. Print.Hanif, Intikhab. Prepare for Basant, Come What May.Dawn5 Feb. 2002. Print.